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GOST 28147-89 is a Soviet and Russian government standard symmetric key block cipher.
Developed in the 1970s, the standard had been marked "Top Secret" and then downgraded to "Secret" in 1990. Shortly after the dissolution of the USSR, it has been declassified and released to the public in 1994. GOST 28147 was a Soviet alternative to the United States standard algorithm, DES. Thus, the two are very similar in structure.
In cryptography, this standard is commonly referred to as just GOST.